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中华普通外科学文献(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (04) : 293 -297. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2021.04.011

论著

甲状腺乳头状癌上纵隔淋巴结转移的诊治思考:附2例报告及文献复习
赵敬柱1, 郑向前1, 高明1,(), 赵金坤2, 魏松锋1, 运新伟1, 池嘉栋1   
  1. 1. 300060 天津,国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心 天津市"肿瘤防治"重点实验室 天津医科大学肿瘤医院甲状腺颈部肿瘤科
    2. 300060 天津,国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心 天津市"肿瘤防治"重点实验室 天津医科大学肿瘤医院放射科
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-23 出版日期:2021-08-03
  • 通信作者: 高明
  • 基金资助:
    天津市重点研发计划科技支撑重点项目(17YFZCSY00690)

Diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma with superior mediastinal metastasis: A report of two cases and literature review

Jingzhu Zhao1, Xiangqian Zheng1, Ming Gao1,(), Jinkun Zhao2, Songfeng Wei1, Xinwei Yun1, Jiadong Chi1   

  1. 1. Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
    2. Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
  • Received:2020-08-23 Published:2021-08-03
  • Corresponding author: Ming Gao
引用本文:

赵敬柱, 郑向前, 高明, 赵金坤, 魏松锋, 运新伟, 池嘉栋. 甲状腺乳头状癌上纵隔淋巴结转移的诊治思考:附2例报告及文献复习[J]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2021, 15(04): 293-297.

Jingzhu Zhao, Xiangqian Zheng, Ming Gao, Jinkun Zhao, Songfeng Wei, Xinwei Yun, Jiadong Chi. Diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma with superior mediastinal metastasis: A report of two cases and literature review[J]. Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(04): 293-297.

目的

对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)伴上纵隔淋巴结转移的病例进行汇总,以指导临床诊治。

方法

回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院2例PTC上纵隔淋巴结转移患者的临床资料,结合文献检索,分析比较不同入路上纵隔淋巴结清扫术。

结果

2例均为女性,转移淋巴结位置较深,均通过颈部入路行腔镜辅助上纵隔淋巴结清扫。回顾近13年文献,共检索到甲状腺癌伴上纵隔(或Ⅶ区)淋巴结转移的文献13篇,共有1 361例患者,其中PTC 1 320例。采取颈部入路者1 164例,其中286例腔镜辅助;197例转移淋巴结位置较深或与纵隔血管粘连者,采取胸骨劈开入路。

结论

对于PTC上纵隔淋巴结转移患者,强化CT检查可以弥补B超检查之不足。颈部入路直视下行上纵隔淋巴结清扫,受视野限制,易导致清扫不到位;对于转移淋巴结位置较深者,单从颈部入路无法完成手术,需要胸骨劈开,但患者创伤大,围手术期并发症多。腔镜辅助上纵隔淋巴结清扫,在保证根治的同时减少患者损伤,缩短手术时间,不失为一种好的手术方案。

Objective

To summarize the data of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with superior mediastinal metastasis, so as to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

The clinical data of two PTC patients with superior mediastinal metastasison in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Combined with literature retrieval, different approaches of mediastinal lymph node dissection were analyzed and compared.

Results

Both cases were female with deep metastatic lymph nodes and underwent endoscopic-assisted superior mediastinal lymph node dissection (EASMLND). A total of 13 articles of PTC with superior mediastinal (or Ⅶ) lymph node metastasis were retrieved in the past 13 years. There were a total of 1 361 cases, including 1 320 cases with PTC. Cervical approach was adopted in 1 164 patients, including 286 cases with EASMLND. Sternal split approach was adopted in 197 patients with deep metastatic lymph nodes or close to blood vessels.

Conclusions

For PTC patients with superior mediastinal lymph node metastasis, enhanced CT examination is necessary for the deficiency of ultrasound examination. Dissection of superior mediastinal lymph nodes by cervical approach is restricted by visual field, which easily leads to incomplete dissection. For patients with deep metastatic lymph nodes, the sternum split is required, which results in large trauma and more perioperative complications. EASMLND is a good surgical scheme, which can not only achieve radical cure, but also reduce the patients’ injuries and shorten the operation time.

图1 49岁PTC伴上纵隔淋巴结转移患者的超声声像图(横切) A为颈总动脉深面转移淋巴结,大小0.58 cm×0.71 cm(黄色箭头示);白色箭头示颈总动脉;B为右侧甲状腺叶未见明显肿物
图2 49岁PTC患者的上纵隔转移淋巴结CT检查征象 右侧紧邻右头臂静脉,左侧紧邻无名动脉,后面紧邻气管。1右头臂静脉,2左头臂静脉,3无名动脉,4左颈总动脉,5左锁骨下动脉,6右颈总动脉,7上腔静脉;红色箭头示上纵隔转移淋巴结
图3 30岁PTC伴上纵隔淋巴结转移患者的超声声像图 甲状腺左叶实性肿物,大小为2.29 cm×1.24 cm×1.50 cm(A为纵切,B为横切);C为气管周围转移淋巴结(M所示);颈总动脉(CCA);气管(T)
图4 30岁PTC患者的上纵隔转移淋巴结CT征象 转移灶1(黄色箭头示)位于气管前,右侧紧邻无名动脉,左侧紧邻左头臂静脉及左颈总动脉;转移灶2(红色箭头示)前紧贴胸骨,后紧邻左头臂静脉,左侧紧邻变异的胸廓内静脉(蓝色箭头示);1右头臂静脉,2无名动脉,3左头臂静脉,4左颈总动脉,5左锁骨下动脉
图5 30岁PTC患者的颈部转移淋巴结CT征象 颈内静脉深面转移淋巴结(红色箭头示),气管周围转移淋巴结(蓝色箭头示);1颈总动脉,2颈内静脉
图6 腔镜辅助上纵隔淋巴结清扫手术过程 将转移灶与无名动脉分离(A、B),转移灶与右头臂静脉分离(C),完全切除转移灶(D)
图7 右甲状腺叶切除+右颈扩大中央区淋巴结清扫+腔镜辅助上纵隔淋巴结清扫术
图8 左甲状腺叶切除+左颈淋巴结清扫+腔镜辅助上纵隔淋巴结清扫术 A为手术照片,B为切除的纵隔淋巴结标本
表1 1 361例甲状腺癌伴上纵隔淋巴结转移患者的基本情况
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