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中华普通外科学文献(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01) : 60 -65. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2026.01.011

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综述

人工智能应用于甲状腺结节评估的进展与挑战
杨婷麟, 黄韬()   
  1. 430000 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院甲状腺乳腺外科
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 出版日期:2026-02-01
  • 通信作者: 黄韬

Progress and challenges in the application of artificial intelligence for evaluating thyroid nodules

Tinglin Yang, Tao Huang()   

  1. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
  • Received:2025-06-30 Published:2026-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Tao Huang
引用本文:

杨婷麟, 黄韬. 人工智能应用于甲状腺结节评估的进展与挑战[J/OL]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2026, 20(01): 60-65.

Tinglin Yang, Tao Huang. Progress and challenges in the application of artificial intelligence for evaluating thyroid nodules[J/OL]. Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(01): 60-65.

甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率逐年上升。鉴于甲状腺结节患者基数庞大,对结节良恶性的精准评估是早期诊治甲状腺癌的关键临床需求。人工智能(AI)技术凭借其强大的数据处理与模式识别能力,在甲状腺结节超声影像分析、CT影像特征提取及细针穿刺抽吸细胞学诊断方面均取得了显著进展。本文着眼于AI在评估甲状腺结节中的应用,基于不同检查方式探讨AI提升甲状腺结节评估准确性下限的作用,并展望AI加入现有诊断体系的潜在应用场景,以及可能面临的新问题与挑战。

Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignancy within the endocrine system, with its incidence rate demonstrating a consistent annual increase. Given the substantial patient population presenting with thyroid nodules, the precise evaluation of nodule malignancy constitutes a critical clinical priority for the early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology, with its advanced capabilities in data processing and pattern recognition, has achieved significant progress in the analysis of thyroid nodule ultrasound imaging, CT image feature extraction, and fine needle aspiration biopsy cytological diagnosis. This review focuses on the application of AI evaluation of thyroid nodules, investigating its role in improving the lower bound of evaluation accuracy across various diagnostic modalities. Besides, the review prospects potential application scenarios for the integration of AI into existing diagnostic systems, while addressing the novel challenges and issues that may arise.

表1 AI应用于甲状腺结节超声影像分析的代表性研究
表2 AI应用于甲状腺恶性结节颈部淋巴结转移CT影像、FNA细胞学诊断的代表性研究
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