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中华普通外科学文献(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (05) : 297 -301. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2026.05.002

论著

基于解剖学基础的新辅助治疗后腹腔镜低位直肠癌适形保肛术技术难度的因素分析
杨进宝, 李伟, 张冰†(), 陈健, 王吉哲, 王玉佳, 王顺, 蒋志斌, 杨建玲   
  1. 050000 石家庄,中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院普通外科二病区
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-20 出版日期:2026-10-01
  • 通信作者: 张冰
  • 基金资助:
    河北省卫生健康委员会医学科学研究课题计划项目(20250190)

Analysis of factors influencing the technical difficulty of laparoscopic conformal sphincter-preserving surgery for low rectal cancer based on anatomical foundations

Jinbao Yang, Wei Li, Bing Zhang†(), Jian Chen, Jizhe Wang, Yujia Wang, Shun Wang, Zhibin Jiang, Jianling Yang   

  1. General Surgery Ward Ⅱ, the Joint Logistics Support Force 980th Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
  • Received:2025-10-20 Published:2026-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Bing Zhang
引用本文:

杨进宝, 李伟, 张冰, 陈健, 王吉哲, 王玉佳, 王顺, 蒋志斌, 杨建玲. 基于解剖学基础的新辅助治疗后腹腔镜低位直肠癌适形保肛术技术难度的因素分析[J/OL]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2026, 20(05): 297-301.

Jinbao Yang, Wei Li, Bing Zhang, Jian Chen, Jizhe Wang, Yujia Wang, Shun Wang, Zhibin Jiang, Jianling Yang. Analysis of factors influencing the technical difficulty of laparoscopic conformal sphincter-preserving surgery for low rectal cancer based on anatomical foundations[J/OL]. Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2026, 20(05): 297-301.

目的

基于解剖学基础,探讨新辅助治疗后腹腔镜低位直肠癌(LRC)适形保肛术(CSPO)技术难度的影响因素。

方法

设计病例-对照研究,分析2022年1月至2025年1月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院新辅助治疗后行CSPO的60例LRC患者资料,根据手术难度将其分为高难度手术组(26例)和正常手术组(34例)。比较两组患者一般资料、解剖学指标、病理资料、化疗后相关病理指标的差异。

结果

与正常手术组相比,高难度手术组肿瘤下缘至肛缘距离更短(t=-2.354,P<0.05),肿瘤最大径更长(t=2.544,P<0.05),环周切缘距离更短(t=-6.568,P<0.001),坐骨结节间径更小(t=-2.232,P<0.05)。

结论

肿瘤下缘至肛缘距离、肿瘤最大径、环周切缘距离、坐骨结节间径是影响新辅助治疗后腹腔镜LRC患者行CSPO技术难度的关键因素,术前精准评估上述解剖学与肿瘤学指标,可指导手术方案优化,提升保肛手术的安全性与有效性。

Objective

To explore the factors influencing the technical difficulty of laparoscopic conformal sphincter-preservation operation (CSPO) for low rectal cancer (LRC) based on anatomical foundations.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted. Data from 60 patients were analyzed with LRC who underwent laparoscopic CSPO for LRC in the Joint Logistics Support Force 980th Hospital from January 2022 to January 2025 following neoadjuvant therapy. The cases were grouped according to the difficulty of the surgery, with 26 cases in the high-difficulty surgery group and 34 cases in the normal surgery group. The differences in general information, anatomical indicators, pathological data, and post-chemotherapy indicators between the two groups were compared.

Results

Compared to the normal surgery group, the high-difficulty surgery group exhibited shorter distance from the lower edge of the tumor to the anal margin (t=-2.354, P<0.05), longer maximum tumor diameter (t=2.544, P<0.05), shorter circumferential margin distance (t=-6.568, P<0.001), and smaller ischial tuberosity diameter (t=-2.232, P<0.05).

Conclusions

The distance from the lower edge of the tumor to the anal margin, the maximum tumor diameter, the circumambulatial margin distance, and the diameter of the ischial tuberosity are the key factors affecting the technical difficulty of laparoscopic CSPO for LRC after neoadjuvant therapy. Accurate preoperative assessment of these anatomical and oncological indicators can help to optimize surgical planning and improve the safety and effectiveness of anus-preserving surgery.

表1 两组低位直肠癌患者一般资料的比较
表2 两组低位直肠癌患者病理资料的比较
表3 两组低位直肠癌患者化疗后相关病理指标的比较
表4 两组低位直肠癌患者解剖学相关指标的比较(
±s)
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