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中华普通外科学文献(电子版)

中华普通外科学文献(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (06) : 417 -421. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2022.06.007

论著

胰十二指肠切除术后复杂腹腔感染的危险因素分析及病原菌构成
李存权1, 崔磊1, 柳科军2, 李政权1, 刘俊豪1, 卜阳1,†()   
  1. 1. 750002　银川，宁夏回族自治区人民医院肝胆外科；750004　银川，宁夏医科大学临床医学院
    2. 750004　银川，宁夏医科大学临床医学院；750004　银川，宁夏医科大学总医院肝胆外科
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-29 出版日期:2022-12-01
  • 通信作者: 卜阳

Risk factors and pathogen composition of complicated intra-abdominal infection after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Cunquan Li1, Lei Cui1, Kejun Liu2, Zhengquan Li1, Junhao Liu1, Yang Bu1,†()   

  1. 1. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750002, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
    2. School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical Universtiy, Yinchuan 750004, China
  • Received:2022-09-29 Published:2022-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Yang Bu
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李存权, 崔磊, 柳科军, 李政权, 刘俊豪, 卜阳. 胰十二指肠切除术后复杂腹腔感染的危险因素分析及病原菌构成[J]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2022, 16(06): 417-421.

Cunquan Li, Lei Cui, Kejun Liu, Zhengquan Li, Junhao Liu, Yang Bu. Risk factors and pathogen composition of complicated intra-abdominal infection after pancreaticoduodenectomy[J]. Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(06): 417-421.

目的

通过探讨胰十二指肠切除术（PD）后发生复杂腹腔感染（cIAI）的相关影响因素及病原菌构成，为PD后cIAI的预防提供一定的依据。

方法

回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年1月于宁夏医科大学总医院行PD患者病例资料，按照纳入标准收集发生cIAI 89例为感染组；从360余例未发生cIAI患者中按照约1∶1的比例等距随机抽样91例为对照组。收集感染组术后引流液的细菌培养情况，统计描述病原菌构成；单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析PD后发生cIAI的危险因素。

结果

术前减黄（OR=6.569，95% CI：1.178~14.630）、手术时间≥6 h（OR=6.872，95% CI：2.258~20.913）和术后胰瘘（OR=3.426，95% CI：1.219~9.631）是PD后发生cIAI的危险因素（均P<0.05）。培养菌株28种，革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌居多（总构成比为50.00%），革兰阳性菌以屎肠球菌居多（构成比为52.17%），真菌中以白色念珠菌居多（构成比为92.86%）。

结论

PD后发生cIAI病情危重，合理的术前减黄及缩短手术时间对于cIAI的预防尤为重要，应及时合理应用抗生素进行综合治疗。

关键词: 胰十二指肠切除术, 复杂腹腔感染, 危险因素, 病原菌
Objective

To explore the related factors and pathogen composition of complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), providing evidence for the prevention of cIAI after PD.

Methods

From January 2010 to January 2020, 89 patients with cIAI after PD were retrospectively collected as the infectious group in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. According to the inclusion criteria, 91 patients without cIAI after PD were collected as the control group by equidistant random sampling at a ratio of about 1∶1. The pathogen composition was described statistically according to the results of bacterial culture of the drainage fluid in the infection group. The risk factors of cIAI after PD were analyzed by single- and multi-variate Logistic regression analysis. Preoperative biliary drainage (OR=6.569, 95% CI: 1.178-14.630), operation time ≥ 6 h (OR=6.872, 95% CI: 2.258-20.913) and pancreatic fistula (OR=3.426, 95% CI: 1.219-9.631) were the risk factors for cIAI after PD (all P<0.05). There were 28 varieties of cultivated strains. The majority of gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the total composition ratio was 50.00%. Enterococcus faecium was the major Gram-positive bacteria, with a composition ratio of 52.17%; and Candida albicans is the most common fungus (92.86%).

Conclusions

The occurrence of cIAI after PD is critical. Rational preoperative biliary drainage and shortening surgery time are particularly vital for the prevention of cIAI. Comprehensive treatment with antibiotics should be carried out in a timely and reasonable manner.

Key words: Pancreaticoduodenectomy, Complicated intra-abdominal infection, Risk factors, Pathogens
表1 两组胰十二指肠切除术患者一般资料的比较
组别 例数 年龄(岁)a 性别b 高血压b 糖尿病b 冠心病b 腹部手术史b 病灶性质b
男 女 无 有 无 有 无 有 无 有 良性 恶性
感染组 89 60.09±10.08 47(52.80) 42(47.20) 62(69.70) 27(30.30) 77(86.50) 12(13.50) 83(93.30) 6(6.70) 49(55.10) 40(44.90) 3(3.40) 86(96.60)
对照组 91 58.38±9.58 47(51.60) 44(48.40) 66(72.50) 25(27.50) 72(79.10) 19(20.90) 87(95.60) 4(4.40) 59(64.80) 32(35.20) 5(5.50) 86(94.50)
统计值   0.352 0.024 0.180 1.762 0.472 1.793 0.478
P值   0.554 0.876 0.672 0.189 0.534 0.181 0.720
表2 胰十二指肠术后发生复杂腹腔感染术前和术后危险因素的单因素分析
变量 对照组 感染组 统计值 P值
例数 91 89    
白细胞(×109/L)        
  术前a 5.76±1.74 6.29±1.99 -1.896 0.065
  术后b 9.95(7.84,11.75) 12.41(8.56,15.32) -3.136 0.002e
NLRb        
  术前 4.00(1.86,4.29) 3.45(2.08,4.31) -1.538 0.124
  术后 11.23(6.48,13.53) 11.75(6.64,14.32) -0.044 0.965
PLRb        
  术前 192.90(165.39, 220.40) 196.27(166.77, 225.78) -0.512 0.398
  术后 224.01(154.90, 288.88) 254.89(149.15, 325.30) -1.124 0.261
血红蛋白(g/L)b        
  术前 129.00(120.00, 138.00) 131.00(117.00, 140.00) -0.572 0.567
  术后 96.91(87.00, 108.00) 100.10(90.50, 108.00) -1.576 0.115
血小板(×109/L)b        
  术前 217.70(175.00, 255.00) 252.69(119.00, 305.00) -1.628 0.129
  术后 169.71(130.00, 210.00) 226.45(163.00, 291.50) -4.595 <0.001e
总胆红素(μmol/L)b        
  术前 82.20(16.40, 204.60) 149.40(26.75, 257.65) -2.282 0.023d
  术后 78.21(18.50, 126.50) 122.21(34.25, 188.05) -3.008 0.003e
非结合胆红素(μmol/L)b        
  术前 29.16(9.90, 35.30) 34.74(12.59, 38.40) -1.561 0.119
  术后 22.28(10.40, 28.80) 28.57(12.45, 40.15) -1.898 0.058
白蛋白(g/L)b        
  术前 36.17(33.80, 38.40) 34.78(31.95, 38.09) -1.671 0.095
  术后 29.56(27.00, 32.30) 30.13(27.55, 32.20) -0.856 0.392
丙氨酸转氨酶(U/L)c        
  术前 203.60(45.10, 307.50) 175.13(47.40, 229.45) -1.036 0.300
  术后 80.54(41.30, 101.20) 91.06(35.25, 79.30) -0.303 0.762
天冬氨酸转氨酶(U/L)c        
  术前 148.24(28.00, 224.00) 114.12(34.65, 162.70) -0.239 0.811
  术后 44.12(23.20, 49.30) 50.43(35.25, 79.30) -1.604 0.109
CA19-9(kU/L)c     1.858 0.173
  阴性 27(29.70) 35(39.30)    
  阳性 64(70.30) 54(60.70)    
癌胚抗原(μg/L)c     1.285 0.257
  阴性 73(80.20) 77(86.50)    
  阳性 18(19.80) 12(13.50)    
术前减黄     26.479 <0.001e
  无 50(54.90) 16(18.00)    
  有 41(45.10) 73(82.00)    
术后入住ICUc     3.630 0.057
  有 52(57.10) 63(70.80)    
  无 39(42.90) 26(36.10)    
术后肺部感染c     4.981 0.260
  有 34(37.40) 48(53.90)    
  无 57(62.60) 41(46.10)    
术后胰瘘c     34.032 <0.001e
  有 21(23.10) 30(33.70)    
  无 70(76.90) 59(66.30)    
表3 胰十二指肠术后发生复杂腹腔感染术中指标的单因素分析
组别 例数 手术时间(h)a 输血量(ml)a 淋巴结转移a 病灶直径(cm)b
≥6 <6 ≥800 <800 未转移 转移
对照组 91 38.0(41.8) 53.0(58.2) 40.0(44.0) 51.0(56.0) 65.0(71.4) 26.0(28.6) 3.0(1.6,4.0)
感染组 89 55.0(61.8) 34.0(38.2) 55.0(61.8) 34.0(38.2) 73.0(82.0) 16.0(18.0) 3.3(2.0,4.0)
统计值   7.236 5.747 2.823 -0.580
P值   0.007c 0.017c 0.093 0.562
表4 胰十二指肠术后发生复杂腹腔感染的多因素Logistic回归分析
变量 β SE Wald df P值 OR 95% CI
下限 上限
术前减黄 1.882 0.651 8.371 1 0.004 6.569 1.178 14.630
手术时间 1.928 0.568 11.524 1 0.001 6.872 2.258 20.913
术后胰瘘 1.231 0.527 5.452 1 0.020 3.426 1.219 9.631
输血量 0.606 0.543 1.245 1 0.264 1.832 0.633 5.308
术后第3天白细胞 0.113 0.072 2.468 1 0.116 1.097 0.972 1.290
术后第3天血小板 0.007 0.004 3.081 1 0.079 1.007 0.995 1.017
术前总胆红素 0.001 0.003 0.002 1 0.963 1.000 0.995 1.009
术后第3天总胆红素 0.004 0.003 1.522 1 0.217 1.004 0.998 1.068
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