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中华普通外科学文献(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 135 -141. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2025.02.013

循证医学

局部应用皮质类固醇治疗特发性肉芽肿性乳腺炎疗效与安全性的Meta分析
李萌1, 李雄雄1, 徐婷1, 尚进1,()   
  1. 1. 710004 西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)乳腺外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 尚进

Efficacy and safety of local corticosteroids in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Meng Li1, Xiongxiong Li1, Ting Xu1, Jin Shang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Breast Surgery, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710004, China
  • Received:2024-06-21 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Jin Shang
引用本文:

李萌, 李雄雄, 徐婷, 尚进. 局部应用皮质类固醇治疗特发性肉芽肿性乳腺炎疗效与安全性的Meta分析[J/OL]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 135-141.

Meng Li, Xiongxiong Li, Ting Xu, Jin Shang. Efficacy and safety of local corticosteroids in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 135-141.

目的

评估局部应用皮质类固醇治疗特发性肉芽肿性乳腺炎(IGM)的疗效与安全性。

方法

系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、CBM、万方医学网及维普数据库,检索时限均从建库至2024年4月1日,对纳入的相关随机对照试验研究进行质量评价,并进行Meta分析和亚组分析,以获得感兴趣结果的合并效应量。

结果

共纳入8项试验,包括596例患者。试验组为局部类固醇给药,包括病灶内注射和外用类固醇软膏,对照组主要给予系统治疗(口服类固醇)和穿刺抽脓/引流治疗。Meta分析结果显示,局部应用皮质类固醇(包括病灶内注射和外用药膏),相比口服类固醇或穿刺抽脓/引流治疗有效率显著提升(RR=1.34,95% CI:1.10~1.63,P=0.004),不良反应发生率较低(RR=0.42,95% CI:0.22~0.80,P=0.009),治疗起效时间(MD=-3.51,95% CI:-4.62~-2.40,P<0.000 01)及住院时间(MD=-6.69,95% CI:-7.34~-6.04,P<0.000 01)存在优势,复发率无明显差异(RR=0.85,95% CI:0.36~2.01,P=0.71)。

结论

局部应用皮质类固醇可提高IGM治疗有效率,减少不良反应的发生,起效时间较短,可作为一种有效的治疗方法,用于优化IGM治疗的效果,提高患者的治疗体验和安全性。

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the local application of corticosteroids in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM).

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CBM, Wanfang, and VIP up to April 2024 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. The quality of the included studies was assessed, and a meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to obtain the pooled effect size for the outcomes of interest.

Results

A total of 8 trials involving 596 patients were included. Local corticosteroid administration in the trial group included intralesional injection and topical corticosteroid ointments, while the control group mainly received systemic treatment (oral corticosteroids) and aspiration/drainage procedures. The meta-analysis results showed that local application of corticosteroids (including intralesional injection and topical ointments) was significantly improved effectiveness compared to oral corticosteroids or aspiration/drainage therapy (RR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.10-1.63,P=0.004). The incidence of adverse effects was also lower in the local corticosteroid group compared to the control group (RR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.80, P=0.009). Local corticosteroid treatment had advantages in terms of the time to treatment effectiveness (MD=-3.51, 95% CI: -4.62- -2.40, P<0.000 01) and hospital stay (MD=-6.69, 95% CI: -7.34- -6.04, P<0.000 01), with no significant difference in recurrence rates between groups (RR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.36-2.01, P=0.71).

Conclusions

Local corticosteroids application can improve the response rate in patients with IGM, reduce the incidence of adverse effects, and result in shorter time to treatment effectiveness. This approach can serve as an effective treatment method to optimize the outcomes of IGM therapy and improve patient treatment experience and safety.

表1 纳入文献的基本特征
第一作者 发表年 研究国家 样本量(例) 年龄(岁) 干预措施 结局指标
试验组 对照组 试验组 对照组 试验组 对照组
Çetin[12] 2019 土耳其 17 19 34.0±6.1 33.6±7.3 患侧乳房涂抹0.125 %泼尼松龙,每日2 次,工作日使用,周末休息,1 周为1 周期 口服甲泼尼龙( 16 mg和4 mg)泼尼松片0.8 mg/kg,1 次/日,早餐后服用,根据临床和放射学反应缓慢减量 ①②⑤
Yildirim[13] 2021 土耳其 42 42 36.84±5.13 37.06±6.64 曲安奈德(40 mg)病灶内注射给药。若病灶呈单灶且较小(5.0 cm),则在超声引导下向病灶内注射20 g/L;多灶或较大:40 g/L。给药前用0.9%氯化钠溶液和无肾上腺素的利多卡因稀释。多灶性病变的治疗间隔1 周重复一次,每次不超过40 g/L的剂量。给药总剂量在40~200 mg 口服:对于疼痛、单侧病灶较小(<50 cm)的患者,泼尼松龙剂量为0.5 mg/(kg·d);对于双侧病灶多发、直径≥ 5 cm的患者,泼尼松龙剂量为0.5 mg/(kg·d); 对于有明显皮肤溃疡的患者,泼尼松龙剂量规定为1 mg/(kg·d),1个月内通过减少剂量完成治疗 ①②
肖敏[14] 2019 中国 23 23 34.6±4.4 32.8±4.8 超声引导下反复穿刺抽脓后曲安奈德混悬注射液 40 mg,从穿刺的针眼或引流管少量注入脓腔,每周2次 超声引导下反复多次穿刺抽脓,并以0.9%氯化钠溶液冲洗脓腔。若脓肿范围较大,则置管引流 ①②③④
刘岩[15] 2021 中国 41 41 33.75±0.56 33.52±0.54 使用注射器在超声引导下穿刺抽脓处理,并使用0.9%氯化钠溶液冲洗脓腔。患者接受局部封闭治疗,方法为:通过穿刺部位或者引流管给予患者注射40 mg的曲安奈德混悬液,每周注射两次 口服泼尼松龙, 剂量为 0.3~0.6 mg/kg,当病情稳定后将剂量调整为 4~5 mg/d ①②③④
张辅满[16] 2023 中国 30 30 30.83±3.21 32.18±3.61 封闭液按“利多卡因100 mg+0.9% 氯化钠注射液90 mg+曲安奈德注射液40 mg+地塞米松5 mg”配比,超声引导下病灶周围多点药物封闭,1 次/周。累积剂量曲安奈德不超过400 mg,地塞米松不超过50 mg 口服组口服泼尼松,按0.75 mg / (kg d) 计算,症状缓解可逐渐减量,每周随访1 次,每1~2 周依次减量至30、15、10 mg/d, 直至症状完全缓解或稳定 ①②④⑤
曾政[17] 2020 中国 60 60 41.7±7.1 39.7±7.2 1%利多卡因注射液与醋酸曲安奈德注射液10 mg混合后,经皮下多点注射至炎症肿块内及其周围处,每周注射1 次,并随访评估病情变化,注射1~2 次无效则终止治疗 甲泼尼龙片8 mg,tid,每周随访评估病情变化,连续服用1~ 周无效则终止激素治疗,如症状缓解则视情况每1~2 周减量1 次,每次减量4 mg,当炎症控制肿块局限并趋于稳定时择期行手术治疗 ①②③
马诺[18] 2020 中国 27 19 - - 20 mg曲安奈德 +0.9%氯化钠5 ml(必要时可加用利多卡因镇痛)。B超引导下多点状注射于病灶基底及其周围部位。每周一次,并根据局部症状及B超下病灶情况进行调整,直至病灶稳定或消失 口服甲泼尼龙片组, 起始剂量20 mg/d,每 1~2 周逐渐减量至16、12、8、4 mg/d。直至病灶稳定或者消失,维持治疗1 个月 ①⑤
赵海军[19] 2014 中国 61 61 33~42 32~44 反复穿刺引流脓肿后,于病灶内用2 ml 0.9 %氯化钠稀释注射曲安奈德50 mg,每周2 次,连续5 个月 仅反复穿刺抽吸脓液
图1 文献筛选流程图
图2 偏倚风险评估比例
图3 偏倚风险评估
图4 疗效分析+亚组分析森林图
表2 疗效评价的敏感性分析
表3 不良反应发生情况评价的敏感性分析
图5 不良反应森林图
表4 起效时间评价的敏感性分析
图6 起效时间森林图
表5 住院时间评价的敏感性分析
图7 住院时间森林图
表6 复发情况评价的敏感性分析
图8 复发情况森林图
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