To explore the distribution and drug resistance of non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli in critical surgical patients, and to provide evidence for clinical antibiotics usage.

Data of all patients from Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2004 to 2013 were enrolled. Distribution of non-fermenting bacilli and antibi-otic resistance profile were retrospectively analyzed.

There were 1 430 gram-negative strains iso-lated during 10 years, and non-fermenting bacilli accounted for 54.1%(774 strains). The top three species were Acinetobacter baumannii (37.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.6%), and Stenotrophomonas malto-philia (17.8%). Isolation rate of Acinetobacter baumannii rose from 3.8% in 2004 to 38.8% in 2011, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased from 1.9% in 2004 to 26.4% in 2011. The distribution of non-ferment-ing bacilli were different in different sites of the body. The respiratory tract got the highest isolation rate of 60.2%, followed by abdominal cavity which was 24.3%. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa kept high drug resistance to most kinds of antibiotics, which increased year by year from 2004 to 2011, and began to decline until 2012. Amikacin kept relatively low resistance.

The isola-tion rate of the non-fermenting bacteria is increased gradually with strong drug resistance in ICU. We should pay attention to the infection of the non-fermenting bacteria and monitor the drug resistance.