Biliary obstruction is one of the most important biliary complications after liver transplantation, with high incidence and high mortality. Prevention and timely treatment is very important for long-term survival of patients. Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP), as a reliable and non-invasive tool for detecting biliary complications, has been widely accepted. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the first choice for non-operative biliary obstruction after liver transplantation. The patients with invalid endoscopic treatment or severe obstruction symptom should have surgical therapy or liver re-transplantation.