Progress of microsatellite stability state and PD-1/PD-L1/IDO in colorectal carcinoma

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2023.06.014

Abstract

Abstract:

In addition to radical surgical resection and chemo-radiotherapy, immunotherapy has become a hot research field for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) in recent years. With the in-depth study of the immune microenvironment and the development of molecular biology techniques, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for CRC patients with microsatellite instability (MSI). PD-1 inhibitors block the PD-1/ programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway to prevent tumor cell immune escape, ultimately killing tumor cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that breaks down tryptophan into kynurenine, and its downstream metabolites play an important role in the immune microenvironment. IDO and PD-1/PD-L1 play key roles in tumor immune escape. This review explores the relationship between IDO and PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor immune escape, as well as the interplay between immune checkpoints and mismatch repair genes. Furthermore, the relationship between microsatellite status and the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and IDO requires further research and validation, to guide cancer immunotherapy and improve patient survival quality and life expectancy.

Key words: Colorectal neoplasms, Immunotherapy, Mismatch repair genes, Programmed death receptor 1, Programmed death ligand 1, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Dechen Wang, Kang Yang, Zijie Yang, Mingbin Gui, Lianping Qu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Feng Gao. Progress of microsatellite stability state and PD-1/PD-L1/IDO in colorectal carcinoma[J]. Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 462-465.

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