The evolution of hernia repair surgery has been closely tied to advancements in materials science. Synthetic, non-absorbable meshes were widely applied and had achieved favorable clinical outcomes by significantly reducing recurrence rate. However, due to their inherent material properties, their permanent implantation is associated with specific complications, including foreign body sensation, chronic pain, adhesions to surrounding tissues, and mesh infection. Biological meshes, owing to their degradable nature, may significantly reduce the risk of these complications. The advantages of biological meshes include excellent biocompatibility, degradability, the capacity to induce tissue regeneration, and a favorable profile against infection. Nevertheless, their clinical application was limited by high costs, potential immune-mediated adverse reactions, and ongoing debate regarding their mechanical strength and long-term efficacy. This article provides a systematic review of the application of biological meshes in hernia repair, elaborating on their respective advantages and limitations in inguinal hernia, ventral hernia, hiatal hernia, and parastomal hernia repair. With the development of material technology and completion of multi-center, large-sample, long-term follow-up clinical trials, the application of biological meshes in hernia repair is expected to become more standardized. They will provide a new foundation for the precision management of hernia repair.