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Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02): 135-141. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2025.02.013

• Meta Analysis • Previous Articles    

Efficacy and safety of local corticosteroids in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Meng Li1, Xiongxiong Li1, Ting Xu1, Jin Shang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Breast Surgery, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710004, China
  • Received:2024-06-21 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-04-28
  • Contact: Jin Shang

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the local application of corticosteroids in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM).

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CBM, Wanfang, and VIP up to April 2024 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. The quality of the included studies was assessed, and a meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to obtain the pooled effect size for the outcomes of interest.

Results

A total of 8 trials involving 596 patients were included. Local corticosteroid administration in the trial group included intralesional injection and topical corticosteroid ointments, while the control group mainly received systemic treatment (oral corticosteroids) and aspiration/drainage procedures. The meta-analysis results showed that local application of corticosteroids (including intralesional injection and topical ointments) was significantly improved effectiveness compared to oral corticosteroids or aspiration/drainage therapy (RR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.10-1.63,P=0.004). The incidence of adverse effects was also lower in the local corticosteroid group compared to the control group (RR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.80, P=0.009). Local corticosteroid treatment had advantages in terms of the time to treatment effectiveness (MD=-3.51, 95% CI: -4.62- -2.40, P<0.000 01) and hospital stay (MD=-6.69, 95% CI: -7.34- -6.04, P<0.000 01), with no significant difference in recurrence rates between groups (RR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.36-2.01, P=0.71).

Conclusions

Local corticosteroids application can improve the response rate in patients with IGM, reduce the incidence of adverse effects, and result in shorter time to treatment effectiveness. This approach can serve as an effective treatment method to optimize the outcomes of IGM therapy and improve patient treatment experience and safety.

Key words: Granulomatous mastitis, Corticosteroids, Local administration, Efficacy, Meta-analysis

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