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中华普通外科学文献(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (01) : 47 -51. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0793.2021.01.010

所属专题: 文献

论著

加速康复外科在老年腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用价值研究
陈天文1, 温贺新1, 刘牧林1,()   
  1. 1. 233004 蚌埠医学院第一附属医院胃肠外科
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-08 出版日期:2021-02-01
  • 通信作者: 刘牧林
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省高校学科(专业)拔尖人才学术资助重点项目(gxbjZD2016070); 安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2017A219)

Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for elderly patients

Tianwen Chen1, Hexin Wen1, Mulin Liu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
  • Received:2020-05-08 Published:2021-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Mulin Liu
引用本文:

陈天文, 温贺新, 刘牧林. 加速康复外科在老年腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用价值研究[J/OL]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2021, 15(01): 47-51.

Tianwen Chen, Hexin Wen, Mulin Liu. Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for elderly patients[J/OL]. Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(01): 47-51.

目的

探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在老年腹腔镜胃癌根治术围手术期应用的价值,以期为临床诊疗提供参考。

方法

选择2017年12月至2018年12月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院胃肠外科接受诊疗的老年腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者96例,根据围手术期处理方法,将患者分为观察组(ERAS处理)和对照组(传统处理),各48例,对比两组患者临床基线资料、术中情况以及术后恢复情况、疼痛评分、并发症、住院情况。

结果

两组患者的临床基线资料、术中一般情况、术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义。与对照组相比,ERAS组患者术后首次进水时间、首次下床时间、肛门排气时间、尿管拔除时间、进流质时间、引流管拔除时间更早,术后6 h、1 d、3 d、5 d时VAS评分更低,术后住院时间和住院费用更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

ERAS理念应用于老年腹腔镜胃癌根治术围手术期中安全有效,在不增加术后并发症的前提下能够促进患者术后康复,缩短住院时间,减少住院费用,具有临床推广应用价值。

Objective

To explore the value of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in perioperative application of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for elderly patients, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

A total of 96 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from December 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled. According to the perioperative treatment method, the patients were divided into observation group (ERAS treatment) and the control group (traditional treatment), 48 cases in each group. The general condition, intraoperative condition, and postoperative recovery, pain score, complications, inflammatory index, hospitalization were compared between the two groups.

Results

There were no significant differences in the general clinical data, intraoperative condition, postoperative complications between the two groups. Compared to the control group, the postoperative recovery of patients in the ERAS group including the time of first drinking, the first time to get out of bed, anal exhaust time, urinary catheter removal time, fluid intake time, and drainage tube removal time were significantly lower (P<0.05). The VAS scores of the patients in the ERAS group were significantly lower at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after operation (P<0.05). Postoperative hospital stay and postoperative hospitalization costs were significantly lower (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The ERAS concept is safe and effective in the elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. It can promote postoperative rehabilitation, shorten patient stay, and reduce hospitalization costs without increasing postoperative complications. ERAS has a certain clinical promotion and application value.

表1 两组老年腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者一般临床资料的比较
表2 两组患者围术期处理方法的比较
处理方法 ERAS组 传统组
术前健康教育 术前强化与患者和家属的沟通,减少心理及应激反应 术前常规宣教
术前预康复 术前对可能影响术后恢复的状态进行调整,尤其强调戒烟戒酒的重要性 术前常规处理
术前营养支持治疗 优先选择经口进食或肠内营养,其次是肠外营养 没有明确的具体方案
术前饮食处理 术前6 h禁食,术前推荐口服饮碳水化合物的饮品 术前12 h禁食,6 h禁水
术前肠道准备 不常规行肠道准备 术前1 d口服缓泻剂(如复方聚乙二醇电解质散)
术前放置胃管 不推荐 常规留置胃管
术前抗生素应用 术前30 min使用一次,手术时间>3 h再追加一次 不常规使用
预防性抗血栓 穿抗血栓弹力袜,术前12 h预防性抗血栓应用,术中、术后抗血栓泵应用,术后低分子肝素钙4 000 U皮下注射 不常规使用
麻醉方式 全身麻醉联合中胸段硬膜外阻滞麻醉或周围神经阻滞 全身麻醉
体温监测 术中常规体温监测并使用保温毯保温 常规处理
术中液体控制 术中保障血容量及血流动力学的前提下限制体液的输注量,以减轻应激反应及组织水肿,促进术后胃肠功能恢复 不限制补液
手术方式 腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术 腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术
术中操作 术中精细操作,避免过度牵拉、钳夹,尽可能减少损伤及术中出血 保持手术安全及根治的前提下,无明显特殊注意
术中放置胃空肠营养管 术后4 d左右拔除 术后8 d左右拔除
腹腔引流管 不常规放置,术后尽早拔除 术后恢复饮食后拔除
尿管 术后24 h左右拔除 术后4 d左右拔除
皮肤缝合方式 可吸收线缝合,不需拆线 常规缝合,需要拆线
术后镇痛方式 术后镇痛推荐多模式镇痛,尽量减少阿片类药物的使用 常规镇痛泵镇痛
术后液体治疗 术后尽早停止静脉输液,经口进食 术后补液2 500~3 000 ml(8 d左右)
早期下床活动 术后麻醉清醒鼓励床上活动,24 h左右陪护下床 根据患者情况,患者自愿
术后进食、水 术后8 h经口少量饮水,术后12~24 h管饲或口服肠内营养液,之后逐渐增量过渡至流食、半流食,逐渐加量,至术后4 d左右试行停止输液及肠外营养 常规静脉营养4~7 d至肛门排气后拔除胃管,给予少量饮水,逐步向流食、半流食过渡后停止静脉营养输液
表3 两组老年患者腹腔镜胃癌根治术中情况比较(各48例)
表4 两组老年胃癌患者腹腔镜胃癌根治术后恢复情况及住院情况(±s
表5 两组老年胃癌患者术后镇痛效果(VAS评分,±s
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