Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the head, neck and endocrine system. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing year by year. Although the diagnosis and treatment methods are constantly improving and the overall mortality rate is not significantly increasing, the continuous emergence of new cases has attracted the attention of the global medical community. The cause of thyroid cancer is not very clear. The occurrence, development and prognosis of thyroid cancer are affected by many factors: age, gender, psychomental factor, environmental factor, genetic factor, histopathological type, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, immunohistochemical factor, molecular biological factor, and so on. It is of great significance to find out the factors that may affect the prognosis of thyroid cancer for guiding treatment and judging prognosis. According to the different prognostic factors, we can choose the appropriate individualized comprehensive treatment plan in order to maximize the benefits of patients.